sextant

Unlike decimal coordinates, which you can determine using a sextant and a chronometer, you cannot determine UTM coordinates without calculations..十进制坐标可通过一个六分仪和一个记时计确定，与此不同的是，必须通过计算才能确定 UTM 坐标。

To define latitude and longitude coordinates for a location on the Earth, at minimum, you must be able to see the stars or the Sun and have a sextant and clock that displays time in GMT..确定地球上某个位置的经度和纬度坐标的最低需求是，你至少能够看到星星和太阳，并具备一个六分仪和能够显示 GMT 时间的时钟 T。