participle

分词英释中释none of the forms of a verb that are used to make tenses. In English, present participle s end in -ing and past participle s usually end in -ed or -en.

1 past participle,过去分词

2 present participle,现在分词

1 Teacher: "John, what is the past participle of the verb to ring?".老师：“John，动词ring的过去分词是什么？”

2 Some, like swonken (the past participle of swink, meaning “to toil”, but also used to mean coupling), have disappeared..如swonken（swink之过去分词，意指”辛苦劳作，艰难进行“，但亦有”交媾“之意。） ，但swonken一词早已消失。

3 So there will be a participle necessary..于是就有了分词的必要。