in the absence of

living or active in the absence of free oxygen a

a living or active in the absence of free oxygen

a of or relating to the development of an embryo in the absence of fertilization

a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air n

n a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air n a stick of black carbon material used for drawing n a very dark grey color n a drawing made with a stick of black carbon material v draw, trace, or represent with charcoal