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Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American philosopher, poet, lecturer, and essayist..爱默生是一位美国的哲学家、诗人、演讲家及散文家。

Historian, essayist and political publicist, he was the editor of several underground “samizdat” periodicals and was arrested and imprisoned several times for his pro-democratic activities..他身为历史学家、散文家和政治宣传家，曾担任几个地下刊物的编辑，并因从事民主活动而多次被捕入狱。

Borges, a short-story writer, poet and essayist, died in 1986 without the Nobel..博尔赫斯死于1986年，这位短篇小说作家、诗人和散文家没有获得诺贝尔奖的垂青。